Research & Publication

One component of the project is conducting evidence-based research on the feasibility and po­tential benefits of different aspects of a two-state solution and creating an online repository of resources and research findings that inform stakeholders, policy debates and strategies aimed at fostering a (two-state) solution. In 2025, three research papers/policy briefs – were published.

This policy brief reviews and assesses the history of the nu­merous peace initiatives that have been launched since the early 1990s in an effort to resolve the Israeli-Palestin­ian con­flict and to establish a framework for coexistence. None of them – from the Madrid Middle East Peace Con­ference and the Oslo process to the Annapolis Conference and subse­quent negotiations – succeeded in ending the oc­cupation and providing a lasting and just solution. Instead, each at­tempt offered moments of both cautious optimism and deep disillusionment. This re­search paper provides a historical overview of key peace processes, examining their objectives, achievements, and the persistent obstacles that have under­mined their success. It includes an­nexes for reference in ta­ble form: a) an overview table summarizing Palestinian and Israeli per­spectives on the failures of the various attempts at peace, and b) a table comparing the different peace efforts by items such main goal, participation, achievement, pitfalls and impact.